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_MD_INDEX : Sonstiges : Tech Erläuterungen

Reihen- und Parallelschaltung von LED _MD_POPULAR 
_MD_WRITTENBY @meiseAC
_MD_DATE Sat, 19.02.2005
_MD_HITS 4043

_MD_RATINGC  (_MD_RATING)
 
<123>

Beispiel
Eine blaue LED soll an 12 V Gleichspannung aus dem Computernetzteil angeschlossen werden.

12 V - 3 V (U max der LED) = 9 V die über den Vorwiderstand abfallen müssen.
Der Strom der LED I max = 30 mA = 0,03 A

Nach dem Ohmschen Gesetz ergibt sich nun R=U/I = 9 V : 0,03 A = 300 Ohm.

Da die Widerstände nach der E-Reihe gefertigt werden ergibt sich aus der E-12 Reihe ( 120, 150, 180, 240, 270, 330,... ) der nächst höhere Wert von 330 Ohm.

Bei einem Vorwiderstand von 330 Ohm und einer Spannung von 9 V ergibt sich ( wenn man die Toleranz des Widerstandes außer acht lässt ), folgende korrigierte Rechnung für den Strom, der durch die LED fliest:

I = U/R = 9V : 330 Ohm = 0,02727 A = ca. 27 mA.

Da der Widerstand nicht zu heiß werden darf, muss noch die Leistung die über den Widerstand abfällt errechnet werden.

Leistung = Spannung x Strom = P = U x I = 9 V x 0.027 A = 0,243 W = 243 mA.

Da die Widerstände gibt es bei gleichem Wert immer für verschiedene Leistungen ( werden dann immer dicker ).

genormt sind z.B. 0.125 W, 0.25 W 0,5 W, 1 W usw.

Ausreichend wäre also der Widerstand 330 Ohm mit 0.25 W, besser aber mit 0,5 W.

Vor- und Nachteile der Reihen- und Parallelschaltung
LED's besitzen eine extrem steile Durchlasskennlinie. Deswegen ist bei der Verschaltung von vielen LED's einiges zu beachten. Bleiben wir bei dem Beispiel der blauen LED.

U = 3,0V
I = 30 mA

Die Parallelschaltung kommt immer dann zum Einsatz wenn mehrere LED's verschaltet werden sollen ohne das die Betriebsspannung sich erhöhen soll. Dadurch steigt allerdings der Strom den die Schaltung zieht.
Diese Variante wird bevorzugt eingesetzt wenn genügend Strom zur Verfügung steht, aber die Spannung klein bleiben soll (Schutzkleinspannung max. 24 V nach VDE 0100).

Die Reihenschaltung kommt immer dann zum Einsatz wenn ein geringer Strom bei einer höheren Spannung zur Verfügung steht. (Aber auch hier bitte als Laie den Schutzkleinspannungsbereich nicht verlassen).

Nachteil: Wenn eine LED so ausfällt, das sie eine Unterbrechung im inneren hat, fällt die ganze Reihe aus.

Beispiel für eine gemischte Reihen und Parallelschaltung
Vor ein paar Monaten habe ich mir auf einer Streifen Raster Platine im Europakarten Format (10x15 cm.) blaue SMD LED's aufgelötet. Das ganze Ding mit 80 Stück LED's bestückt und in der Sprechanlage an der Haustüre als Beleuchtung eingebaut.

Die Matrix besteht aus 20 Reihen parallel geschalteter LED's und jede Reihe besteht aus 4 Stück In Reihe geschalteter LED's.

Normalerweise würden 4 in Reihe geschaltete LED's 4x3 V also 12 V bei 30 mA Strom benötigen. Aber in diesem Fall würden die LED’s unterschiedlich hell leuchten!

 
<123>

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Main Menu: Not cached
Herzlich Willkommen: Not cached
Usermenü: Not cached
PD-Members: Not cached
Site Info: Not cached
Umfragenblock: Not cached
Google Adsense (klein): Not cached
Partner: Not cached
Total: 9
Extra
Included files: 201 files
Memory usage: 1583768 bytes
Timers
XOOPS took 0.083 seconds to load.
XOOPS Boot took 0.008 seconds to load.
Module init took 0.037 seconds to load.
XOOPS output init took 0.032 seconds to load.
Module display took 0.005 seconds to load.
Page rendering took 0.002 seconds to load.