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_MD_INDEX : Sonstiges : Tech Erläuterungen

Reihen- und Parallelschaltung von LED _MD_POPULAR 
_MD_WRITTENBY @meiseAC
_MD_DATE Sat, 19.02.2005
_MD_HITS 4043

_MD_RATINGC  (_MD_RATING)
 
<123

Selbst bei selektierten LED's ist der optimale Arbeitspunkt der LED's auf der Diodenkennlinie nicht exakt gleich. Deshalb ist die Spannungsverteilung die in der Reihenschaltung normalerweise gleich ist, ungleich verteilt. An LED 1 liegen z.B. 2,7 V an während an LED 4 3,3 V anliegen. Da sich in Folge dessen an den einzelnen LED's auch ein unterschiedlicher Strom einstellt, haben wir den Salat.


Weiteres Problem: Selbst LED's entwickeln bei Betrieb eine geringe Wärme zumindest wenn man 80 Stück auf so kleinem Raum unterbringt. An den LED's die so unterschiedlich belastet werden entwickeln sich so genannte Hot Spots die auf lange Sicht zu Zerstörung der Reihe führen.

Deswegen bekommt jede LED in der Reihenschaltung einen eigenen Vorwiderstand der zur Strombegrenzung dient. Dieser wird wie folgt berechnet:

Die Spannung an der Sprechanlage beträgt 12 V Wechselstrom. Nach der Gleichrichtung mit anschließender Glättung durch Elkos erhöht sich der Wert um den Faktor 1,414 also auf ca. 17 V.(Dies ist so, weil die 12 V Wechselspannung nur den Effektivwert darstellt, die Spitze liegt um den Faktor 1,414 höher, da die sinusförmige Wechselspannung bei 50 Hz 100 mal in der Sekunde den Nullpunkt durchläuft).

Bei Gleichspannung wie aus dem Computernetzteil spielen diese Überlegungen natürlich keine Rolle.

Meine Ausgangsspannung beträgt also ca. 17 V. Die 4 LED's in der Reihenschaltung benötigen 4 x 3 V also 12 V. 17 V – 12 V für die LED's erbeben 5 V die über die Vorwiderstände abfallen müssen. Nach dem Ohmschen Gesetz bedeutet dies R = U/I = R = 5 V/ 30 mA = 166,67 Ohm, wobei die 30 mA den maximal zulässigen Strom der LED darstellt.

Dieser Widerstandswert muss noch durch vier geteilt werden, da ja jede LED einen bekommen soll, also 41,67 Ohm. Ich habe 48 Ohm Widerstände benutzt damit die LED's nicht jahrelang an ihrer Leistungsgrenze betrieben werden.

Damit ergibt sich folgende korrigierte Rechnung:
I = U/R = 5 V : ( 48 Ohm x 4 ) = 0,021 A also 21 mA Strom für die LED’s.

Ein Strang bestehend aus 4 LED's ist also an 17 V Gleichspannung angeschlossen und verbraucht 21 mA Strom.
Dazu kommen 19 Stück weitere so aufgebaute Stränge die alle parallel geschaltet werden.

Dies ergibt also folgende Werte
Versorgungsspannung:17 V
Gesamt Stromaufnahme:321 mA x 20 Reihen = 420 mA oder 0,42 A
Leistungsaufnahme:P = U x I = 17 V x 0,42 A = 7,14 W.

Schlusswort
Dies sind natürlich rein mathematische Betrachtungen, die sämtliche Toleranzen z.B. die der Widerstände außer Acht lässt.

Es geht ja auch nicht in erster Linie um die exakten Werte sondern um die Überlegungen die dahinter stecken wenn man seinen PC mit haufenweise LED's verschönern möchte.

Bei Fragen oder Kommentaren KLICKT HIER.

 
<123

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Login: Not cached
Main Menu: Not cached
Herzlich Willkommen: Not cached
Usermenü: Not cached
PD-Members: Not cached
Site Info: Not cached
Umfragenblock: Not cached
Google Adsense (klein): Not cached
Partner: Not cached
Total: 9
Extra
Included files: 201 files
Memory usage: 1585520 bytes
Timers
XOOPS took 0.131 seconds to load.
XOOPS Boot took 0.006 seconds to load.
Module init took 0.078 seconds to load.
XOOPS output init took 0.043 seconds to load.
Module display took 0.004 seconds to load.
Page rendering took 0.000 seconds to load.